#(text-style:"underline","superscript","smear")[ (text-style:"sway")[''(align:"=><=")[Preserving the Palette of the Past]'']]
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(text-colour:black)["Culture is a powerful thing, and those who have been shaped by Caribbean culture are no exception. For hundreds of years, people ranging from African descendants to East Indians have called this area home. Their influence has helped shape many aspects of life in the region, including Caribbean art, over the years."- Adrian Reynolds, Author
Welcome to my project on art forms in the Caribbean and the preservation of cultural heritage through artistic expressions. The Caribbean region is a vibrant tapestry of cultures, histories, and traditions, all of which are beautifully reflected in its diverse art forms. From visual arts and music to dance and literature, the artistic expressions of the Caribbean encapsulate the essence of its people and their rich historical narratives.
This project aims to explore the profound impact of art in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of the Caribbean. We will delve into the various art forms found in the Commonwealth of Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago, and examine how artists have used their creative abilities to safeguard and celebrate Caribbean history. Through their artworks, these artists have become custodians of the past, using their brushes, pens, voices, and bodies to convey stories, traditions, and struggles that might otherwise be overlooked.
By examining the intertwining of art and cultural preservation, we hope to shed light on the invaluable role artists play in capturing the spirit of the Caribbean and ensuring its legacy endures for future generations. We will discuss the ways in which art educates and raises awareness about Caribbean history, the documentation and archiving of cultural narratives, the fostering of a sense of identity and belonging, and the economic impacts of preserving and promoting Caribbean heritage through art.
Moreover, we will explore the healing and reconciliatory power of art, examining how it provides a platform for reflection, dialogue, and understanding, aiding in the collective healing of historical traumas and promoting social harmony.
Through this project, we invite you to embark on a journey of exploration, immersion, and appreciation for the diverse art forms that serve as living tributes to the Caribbean's cultural heritage. Let us celebrate the resilience, creativity, and ingenuity of the artists who have dedicated themselves to preserving and perpetuating the unique stories and traditions of the Caribbean. Together, we will discover the transformative power of art and its ability to ignite curiosity, foster connection, and inspire a profound sense of pride and belonging within the hearts of all who encounter it.]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[[[The Idea]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]
##(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
(text-colour:black)[The Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of the island. It is geographically situated as part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. Dominica's closest neighbours are two constituent territories of the European Union, the overseas departments of France, Guadeloupe to the northwest and Martinique to the south-southeast.
In Dominca there are many artists and groups whose art help to preserve Caribbean History. Dominican culture is influenced by African, indigenous Kalinago, French, and British elements. Before European settlers arrived, Dominica was occupied by the Arawak (Tainos) and Carib (Kalinago) people. On this journey we will look into some of the art of the indegenous people who are in Dominica, the Kalinagos. The art of Earl Etienne will also be discussed. He used many different materials to create his art just like our ancestors did.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://dominicaconsulategreece.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/National-Flag.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Kalinago]]
[[Earl Etienne]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]] ]##(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Trinidad & Tobago]]
(text-colour:black)[Of Trinidad and Tobago's sole two islands, Trinidad is the larger and more inhabited. The islands are located in South America's continental shelf, 11 km (6.8 mi) off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. It is commonly considered to be the West Indies' southernmost island. In terms of geographical area, it is the fifth largest in the West Indies, with 4,768 km2 (1,841 sq mi).
Trinidad and Tobago are countries who are rich in culture and as such they have many different artforms . Some of these are: Carnival, Calypso, Soca, Steelpan, Limbo, Chutney, Parang, Dance, Visual Arts, Literature, Theatre, Crafts and Festivals. ]
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/2000px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Steel pans]]
[[Storytelling]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]
]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Steel Pans]]
(text-colour:black)[Imagine this, Walking down the streets of Port of Spain and hearing a sweet melody. The hitting of sticks on the metal drum, playing a song that soothes your soul. This sound makes you want to dance all your stresses away. "What are these amazing instrument ?" you think. All you hear are the locals calling them steel pans. You realize that you have a new favourite instrument and they are called Steel Pans.]
''What are Steep Pans?
''
(text-colour:black)[''According to un.org ''"Steel pans originated in Trinidad and Tobago during the late 1930’s. Initially, steel band players used common household and everyday objects to create an improvised ensemble of instruments with objects such as buckets, dustbins, and oil pans."
These instruments are very important to preserving our history. Each pan helps to tell a story of our past , present and future. With every note played a different story is told. Steel pans help to preserve Caibbean history by the way they are played and the way that they are made. The way they are made is so similar to how they were created before with more modern tools.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://i.pinimg.com/474x/d6/42/48/d64248295507044ebad04dae46218ce6--steel-drum-trinidad.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[How It's Made]]
[[Steel Pan Artists]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]
]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[The Making of Steel Pans]]
(text-colour:black)[Here is a detailed step by step way that steel pans are created. ]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 1: Sinking''
Empty 55-gallon barrels made of 17 or 18-gauge steel are utilized in crafting steel pans. Initially, the upper section of the drum is expanded to create sufficient room for the musical notes. A sledgehammer with a shortened handle is employed to stretch the metal, shaping it into a concave form. The depth to which the drum is lowered is determined by the specific kind of steel pan being produced
]
(align:"=><=")[
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/David-sinking.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 2: Marking ''
Patterns, shaped like the notes found on a completed steel pan, are positioned onto the expanded surface of the drum and traced using a pencil, chalk, or similar tools. This guarantees precise and uniform placement of the notes on the pan.
]
(align:"<==")[
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/marking-notes.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 3: Counter-Sinking''
The space between the note outlines is flattened using specialized tuning hammers, resulting in a slight elevation of the notes and giving them a convex appearance.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/countersink.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 4: Grooving''
After flattening the space between the note outlines, indentations are made on these outlines, which is referred to as grooving. A nail punch, struck by a hammer, is used in this process.
]
(align:"<==")[
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/david-grooving.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 5: Setting/ Backing''
Following the grooving process, the space between the notes is once again leveled to eliminate any raised portions or irregularities that may have occurred during grooving.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/setting.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 6: Cutting'' The skirts of pans play various acoustic roles, and their length is determined by the specific type of pan being produced. An electric saw or, in some cases, a hammer and chisel are employed to carry out the cutting of the shell.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/cutting-skirt.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 7: Burning''
The metal undergoes tempering through a rapid process of heating and cooling the drum. The tempering enhances the steel pans' ability to retain their tuning for extended durations.
To achieve tempering, the drum is positioned with the playing surface facing downward, above an open flame, until the metal reaches a blue hue. Subsequently, it is cooled either by dousing it with water or allowing it to naturally cool down.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/burning.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 8: Tuning''
Once the drum has cooled, the process of tuning commences.
Utilizing small tuning hammers, pan tuners delicately tap both the undersides and the tops of notes until the desired pitch is attained.
This art is intricate, as pan tuners must skillfully balance the appropriate blend of overtones and fundamentals around each note.
This meticulous endeavor guarantees the attainment of precise pitch and distinctive timbral characteristics. To ensure the accuracy of this process, strobe tuners are employed to maintain the integrity of the tuning.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/tuning.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 9: Applying a protective finish''
Following the tuning process, a safeguarding coating is applied to the pan to prevent rusting. The prevalent protective finishes include chrome plating, painting, and, in recent times, powder coating. These protective coatings not only serve the purpose of preventing rust but also enhance the visual appeal of the steel pans.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/images/tenor.jpg>]
(text-colour:black)+(align:"<==")[''Step 10: Fine Tuning and Blending''
Subsequently, the pan undergoes meticulous fine-tuning to ensure the pitches are harmoniously aligned with one another.Afterward, it is harmonized with the other pans within the steelband. This entails matching the tonal quality and pitches of the pan with those of the other instruments in the ensemble.Specialized tuning hammers are employed to delicately tap both the undersides and the tops of notes, striving for the correct pitch and timbre.With regular use, steel pans are bound to go out of tune—there's no escaping it. Thus, the process of fine-tuning and blending must be repeated numerous times throughout the life of the steel pan.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://st4.depositphotos.com/1017146/20107/i/450/depositphotos_201070090-stock-photo-pair-musical-metal-steel-drums.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Steel Pan Artists]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]
###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Steel Pan Artists of Trinidad and Tobago]]
(text-colour:black)[Here are some popular steel pan artists from Trinidad and Tobago.
]
1.''Len “Boogsie” Sharpe ''
(text-colour:black)[Born as Lennox Sharpe, known affectionately as "Boogsie," he is revered as a living legend, not only in his native Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) but also on the global stage. Possessing perfect pitch and a distinctive bluesy, groove-centric musical style, Sharpe has attained a cult-like following within the pan community, with many considering his writing and arrangements as modern masterpieces. His role as an arranger for Phase II Pan Groove has propelled them to become one of the most renowned steel bands worldwide, boasting seven victories and twelve second-place finishes in the Trinidad & Tobago Panorama competition. Sharpe's talents extend beyond arranging; his mesmerizing virtuosity as a soloist allows him to perform at incredible speeds and create lush, harp-like sounds through self-accompaniment. Among his cherished compositions are "Sarah," "Cryin," "Woman is Boss," "Pan Rising," "'Dis Feelin' Nice," "More Love," "Birthday Party," and his acclaimed arrangement of "Fire Down Below" for the 1989 Panorama contest.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://i0.wp.com/www.caribbean-beat.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/30_1.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
2. ''Jit Samaroo''
(text-colour:black)[Affectionately known as "Dr. Jit," Samaroo was born in Surrey village, Lopinot, Trinidad and Tobago, as the seventh child in a family of thirteen. At the tender age of 10, he joined the Village Boys pan-round-the-neck group. By the time he reached 14, Samaroo was entirely immersed in the world of steelpan, mastering every instrument within the steel orchestra. His journey led him to become one of the most prolific and accomplished arrangers in history. Infusing elements of classical music, he skillfully incorporated intricate countermelodies and syncopation throughout his arrangements, particularly in the guitar and double second sections. Under Samaroo's direction, Renegades Steel Orchestra triumphed in Panorama on nine occasions. His prowess also extended to leading The Samaroo Jets, his family band, to victory in Pan is Beautiful IV. Notable among his renowned arrangements are pieces like "Iron Man," "Mystery Band," "Pan Rising," "The Bee's Melody," "Guitar Pan," "Pan in A Minor," and "Somebody."]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://live.staticflickr.com/4064/4311624555_0fb1ab9d36_z.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
3.''Ray Holman''
(text-colour:black)[Famous for his melodious steelpan sound, harmonious compositions, and uncompromising dedication to the artform, Holman has built a reputation for continually pushing the boundaries of the steelpan's potential. In 1972, he made history as the first person to create an original piece, "Pan On the Move," for Panorama, breaking the previous norm of solely arranging sung Calypsos for the competition. His pioneering work inspired other notable arrangers like Pelham Goddard and "Boogsie" Sharpe to venture into writing original pieces for the contest. Holman's musical style is characterized by long, flowing melodic arcs accompanied by intricate chord progressions that lay the foundation for his compositions. Among his well-loved pieces, he wrote or arranged celebrated tunes such as "Penny Lane," "Pan on the Move," "Pan Woman," "Carnival Woman," "Panic," "Queen of the Bands," "We Just Can't Go On Like This," "Celebration," "Suzie," "Playa Larga," and "My Band."]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.madriverunion.com/wp-content/uploads/images/2023-04-26/28p2.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
4. ''Ken “Professor” Philmore''
(text-colour:black)[Renowned for his lively arrangements, exhilarating solo performances, and uplifting attitude, "Professor" made significant contributions to the steelpan movement with his innovative style showcased in compositions like "Pan by Storm," "Pan Ecstasy," "Pan in the Party," "Woman on the Bass," and "Carnival is We." Serving as the arranger for Fonclaire Steel Orchestra, Philmore led the ensemble to triumph at Panorama, elevating both the band and the Southern region to prominence. Typically, top bands hail from the Northern region near Port-of-Spain, but Philmore defied convention by achieving recognition for his band from the Southern region.In addition to his arranging achievements, Philmore held the role of chief arranger and composer for the well-received album, Pan Jazz 'N' Calypso. Moreover, he was widely sought-after as a respected clinician and guest performer at various universities worldwide. Tragically, he passed away in 2018 due to complications arising from a car accident. His legacy remains a testament to his lasting impact on the steelpan community and his dedication to promoting the instrument's artistry globally.
]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://wp.caribbeanentertainmenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ken-Philmore-pan-love-360x540.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
5. ''Robert Greenidge''
(text-colour:black)[Hailing from Laventille, Trinidad, the birthplace of steelpan, Greenidge has risen to prominence both in his native country and on the global stage. Renowned as a member of Jimmy Buffett's Coral Reefer Band and the instrumental ensemble, Club Trini, he has become a widely recognized name. Greenidge holds the distinction of possibly being the most recorded pannist in history, having graced chart-topping pop albums by illustrious artists such as Earth Wind & Fire, Ringo Starr, and Carly Simon. His exceptional talent is evident in hit singles like "Just the Two of Us" by Grover Washington Jr. and "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)" by John Lennon. Despite his commercial success, Greenidge remains connected to his roots in Trinidad and Tobago, actively participating in carnival events like Panorama. His contributions have led Desperadoes Steel Orchestra to victory twice in 1991 ("Musical Volcano") and 1994 ("Fire Coming Down"), both of which are original compositions.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.panonthenet.com/online/img2012/may/robdesp.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Storytelling]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]
###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[The Kalinago]]
(text-colour:black)[The Kalinago, originally known as the Caribs, are believed to have originated from South America and are considered the last surviving tribe of the pre-Columbian Carib Indians dating back to approximately 3000 B.C. Their existence was deeply intertwined with nature until the arrival of Christopher Columbus and subsequent European settlers, leading to fierce conflicts as they struggled to preserve their way of life and ancestral lands. Eventually, they were compelled to seek refuge on the remote eastern side of Dominica, taking along their ancient customs, ceremonies, and a traditional way of existence, which traces back to the island's earliest inhabitants.
The Kalinago's art were made completely from all natural material. They often used material like wood, grasses, leaves, flowers and even mud to create their art. One of their most creative pieces are their canoes.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://secretbay.dm/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/dg_dca_carib02-656x582.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Canoes]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]] ]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Earl Etienne]]
(text-colour:black)["Ancient African painting materials were consistent with most ancient societies. Charcoal was used for black and ash was used for white colors."~excerpt from 'Ancient African Paintings' by coolaboo.com. ]
''Earl Darius Etienne''(text-colour:black)[, an exceptionally acclaimed and internationally renowned artist, resided and created in Dominica. Born in 1957 in Roseau, the capital of the picturesque Nature Island of Dominica, he sadly passed away on February 23rd, 2022. Throughout his early school days, Etienne led a spirited and lively life, a defining aspect that continues to influence his character and artistic expressions to this day. In the early 21st century, Earl Darius Etienne's art can be described as profound, candid, and brimming with conscious energy. It reflects a profound adoration for the unpretentious beauty, natural essence, and cultural dynamism of Dominica. His artistic masterpieces have garnered international acclaim, being featured in numerous exhibitions both regionally and globally. Notably, his works have found a place in curated art collections of distinction across the Caribbean, Europe, and North America.
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0436/0955/5098/files/Exposition-Dominique-en-Guadeloupe-3-1_480x480.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
Earl Etienne has been credited with the creation of a unique style of art called bouzaille. Like the Africans Earl Etienne created art using materials around him. While studying at the Edna Manly College of Visual and Performing Arts in Jamaica Earl had an accident that had involved fire and he was inspired to develop his own style of art creation. This style of art creation is called bouzaille or flambeau. Flambeau was created by the use of soot that comes directly from a flame to create images. ]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[ [[Paintings]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Canoes]]
(text-colour:black)[To allow for migration, fishing and trade Kalinagoes built dug oiut boats from the gommier tree called canoes. The canoe making process is and was a long one. In the making of the original canoes, the wood was first chosen from a gommier tree. Then the canoe calk was created by boiling the copal from the gommier tree with shark oil and a mix of dry cotten lint or plantain straw. The gommier wood was then heated and was carved out to create space for sitting. They were also equipped with oars for the movement of the boat. These canoes could carry as much as forty people. In present time the canoes are slightly more modern.]
Here is a picture of an old school canoe.
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://www.domnik.net/photos/tp/07dm/isot/26/04.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)[At present the canoes have been modernized compared to the way they were made in the past. They have been adapted to allow for more modern instruments, One of the main changes that has been made is to allow for motors to be added to the canoes to make the process of using them more time efficient. These motors have been used to replace the use of oars. Although oars are still kept aboard for emergencies. This change has been made to make fishing easier for the Kalinagos.]
Modern Canoe being built
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/canoe-300x300.jpg width="400px" height="300px">]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Earl Etienne]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]] ###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Bibliography]]
* Admin. “Kalinago Dugout Canoe Gets Attention.” Dominica News Online, 11 Apr. 2013, https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/homepage/news/culture/kalinago-dugout-canoe-gets-attention/.
* “Ancient African Paintings Facts for Kids.” Education Site, https://www.coolaboo.com/world-history/ancient-africa/ancient-african-paintings/. Accessed 4 July 2023.
* “Earl Darius Etienne.” Campbells Art, https://www.campbells-art.com/pages/earl-darius-etienne. Accessed 13 June 2023.
* Earl Darius Etienne | Exceptional Caribbean. 11 Feb. 2021, https://exceptionalcaribbean.com/2021/02/11/earl-darius-etienne/.
* Goslin, Ted. “PAN MagazineTop 10 Most Innovative Steelpan Artists of All Time.” PAN Magazine, 15 July 2020, https://pan-mag.com/top-10-most-innovative-steelpan-artists-of-all-time/.
* Kalinago People | a Virtual Dominica. https://www.avirtualdominica.com/project/kalinago-people/. Accessed 1 Aug. 2023.
* “Kalinago Territory.” Discover Dominica, the Nature Island, https://discoverdominica.com/en/places/67/kalinago-territory. Accessed 4 Aug. 2023.
* Make Steel Pans (Steel Drums), A Step-By-Step Overview. https://www.steelpan-steeldrums-information.com/make-steel-pans.html. Accessed 31 July 2023.
* Reynolds, Adrian. Influence of Cultural Identity on Caribbean Art. 6 Mar. 2021, https://adrianreynolds.ie/cultural-identity-caribbean-art/.
* Steel Pans | United Nations Gifts. https://www.un.org/ungifts/steel-pans#:~:text=Steel%20pans%20originated%20in%20Trinidad,%2C%20dustbins%2C%20and%20oil%20pans. Accessed 2 Aug. 2023.
* The Story of the Steel Drum in Trinidad and Tobago - The Americas 2015 - Oxford Business Group. 10 Aug. 2015, https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/trinidad-tobago/2015-report/economy/the-story-of-the-steel-drum-in-trinidad-and-tobago.
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]] ]
##(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[The Analysis]]
(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline")[''1. How do the artsists in these islands use their cultural heritage as inspiration to create art that reflects the history of the region?'']]
(text-colour:black)[Artists in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago draw on their cultural heritage as inspiration to create art that reflects the history of the region in various ways such as visual arts, music and dance, literature and poetry, theatre and performance, crafts and traditional artforms, and collaborative projects.
Firstly, artists in both countries use visual arts, such as paintings, sculptures, and installations, to depict historical events, cultural traditions, and iconic figures from the region's past. They incorporate symbols, motifs, and traditional artistic techniques rooted in their cultural heritage to tell stories and evoke a sense of history. Secondly, music and dance are integral parts of the cultural fabric of Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago. Artists in these countries utilize traditional music genres like calypso, reggae, soca, and folk music to convey historical narratives and reflect on significant events. Dance forms such as traditional folk dances and contemporary choreography also provide a platform for artists to express history through movement. Thirdly, writers and poets in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago often explore historical themes in their works. They use language, storytelling techniques, and local dialects to weave tales that delve into the past, offering insights into colonial experiences, slavery, resistance movements, and other pivotal moments in Caribbean history. Fourthly, artists in both countries engage in theater and performance art to bring history to life on stage. They adapt historical events into captivating narratives, using costumes, set designs, and performances steeped in their cultural heritage. This allows audiences to connect with and understand the region's history in a dynamic and immersive way. Next, artists in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago also incorporate traditional crafts and art forms into their work to reflect the history of the region. This can include basketry, pottery, wood carving, fabric dyeing, and other traditional practices that have been passed down through generations. By utilizing these traditional art forms, artists pay homage to their ancestors and keep their cultural heritage alive. Lastly, artists often engage with their local communities to create art that reflects history. They collaborate with historians, cultural organizations, and community members to gather stories, research historical events, and involve the community in the creative process. This collaborative approach ensures that the art produced is a collective representation of the region's history.
By tapping into their cultural heritage, artists in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago infuse their creations with a sense of historical context, preserving and showcasing the rich and diverse history of the region. They use various mediums, collaborate with communities, and draw on traditional practices, ensuring that the stories and experiences of the past remain alive and relevant in contemporary society.
]
(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline")[''2. How does the creation of art in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago help to preserve Caribbean History?'']]
''DOMINICA''
(text-colour:black)[The creation of art in the Caribbean plays a crucial role in preserving its rich
history in several ways such as cultural representation, knowledge
preservation, documentation of historical events, celebration of diversity, and
tourist attraction and economic stability.
Firstly, art forms like canoe building and paintings often depict cultural
traditions, historical events, and significant aspects of Caribbean life. These
artistic expressions serve as visual representations of the region's history,
capturing the spirit, customs, and heritage of the Caribbean people.
Secondly, art serves as a medium for passing down ancestral knowledge,
stories, and skills from one generation to another. Canoe building, for example,
is an ancient craft that has been practiced for centuries in the Caribbean. The
continued practice and preservation of this art form ensure that traditional
boat-making techniques, which were once vital for navigation and trade, are
not lost to time.
Thirdly, paintings and other visual arts can depict pivotal moments in
Caribbean history, such as significant social movements, political milestones,
or natural disasters. These artworks serve as historical records, offering a
tangible and visual representation of important events that may otherwise be
forgotten or overlooked.
Fourthly, the diverse cultures and histories of the Caribbean are often
showcased through art. Paintings, for instance, may depict vibrant landscapes,
local traditions, or historical figures, celebrating the richness and diversity of
Caribbean heritage. This helps to cultivate a sense of pride and appreciation
for the region's history and cultural identity.
Lastly, the preservation and promotion of Caribbean art forms contribute to
the development of cultural tourism, attracting visitors who seek an authentic
experience and wish to learn about the local history and traditions. This, in
turn, generates economic opportunities for artists, artisans, and communities
involved in the creation of art, thereby supporting the continuation of these
traditions.
In conclusion, the creation of art, be it through canoe building or paintings, in
Dominica and the wider Caribbean region not only enhances cultural
preservation and knowledge transfer but also serves as a dynamic means of
celebrating, documenting, and sharing the rich history and heritage of the
Caribbean people.]
''TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO''
(text-colour:black)[The creation of art like steel pans and storytelling in Trinidad and Tobago plays
a significant role in preserving Caribbean history such as cultural
representation, oral tradition, commemorating historical events, community
connection, education and awareness, and economic and tourism
sustainability.
Firstly, steel pans, a unique musical instrument invented in Trinidad and
Tobago, and storytelling both serve as expressions of the region's cultural
heritage. They convey stories, traditions, and historical events specific to the
Caribbean, emphasising the importance of preserving and celebrating the local
culture.
Secondly, storytelling has long been a part of Caribbean culture, with stories
passed down through generations. These stories often contain valuable
historical information, teaching important lessons and sharing accounts of the
past. By continuing the tradition of storytelling, Trinidad and Tobago help
preserve and transmit their rich history orally.
Thirdly, steel pans and storytelling can be used to commemorate significant
historical events in the Caribbean. Through music and narratives, these art
forms provide a platform for remembering and reflecting on key moments in
the region's history, such as emancipation, colonial resistance, or
independence movements.
Fourthly, both steel pans and storytelling have strong community ties. Steel
pan bands come together to play music, fostering a sense of unity and pride
within neighbourhoods and communities. Storytelling often takes place in
communal spaces, bringing people together to share and learn from the past.
This communal nature helps to preserve Caribbean history by keeping
traditions alive.
Also, arts like steel pans and storytelling are powerful educational tools. They
engage people of all ages and backgrounds, offering an interactive and
immersive way to learn about Caribbean history. Through performances,
workshops, and exhibitions, Trinidad and Tobago can raise awareness and
promote a deeper understanding of their cultural heritage.
Lastly, the creation and promotion of art forms like steel pans and storytelling
contribute to cultural tourism in Trinidad and Tobago. Visitors flock to
experience the unique sounds of steel pans and listen to captivating tales. This,
in turn, generates economic opportunities, supporting artists, artisans, and
cultural entrepreneurs, and ensuring the continuity of these art forms for
future generations.
In summary, the creation of art forms like steel pans and storytelling in
Trinidad and Tobago serves as a means to preserve and promote Caribbean
history. They embody cultural representation, oral tradition, commemoration,
community connection, education, and economic sustainability, all of which
play vital roles in safeguarding and passing down the rich heritage of the
Caribbean region.]
(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline")[''3. Are there any impacts from the artists using their art to help to preserve Caribbean history?''] ]
(text-colour:black)[Yes, there are several significant impacts when artists use their art to help preserve Caribbean history like cultural preservation, education and awareness, documentation, sense of identity, economic impact, and healing and reconcilliation. Firstly, by incorporating historical themes and cultural elements into their artwork, artists contribute to the preservation and promotion of Caribbean heritage. Their creations serve as visual representations and reminders of the region's rich history, traditions, and diverse cultural identities. Secondly, art has the power to educate and raise awareness among viewers. When artists use their art to depict historical events, they provide an opportunity for audiences to learn about the Caribbean's past. This helps to fill gaps in public knowledge and fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation for the region's history and cultural significance. Thirdly, art serves as a visual documentation of historical events, experiences, and cultural practices. Through their creations, artists record and preserve narratives that might otherwise be forgotten or overlooked. Artworks can become valuable archival resources for future generations, contributing to the broader historical record of the Caribbean. Fourthly, art that reflects Caribbean history helps reinforce a sense of identity and belonging among Caribbean communities. It reminds individuals of their shared heritage and cultural roots, fostering a sense of pride and connection to their history. This can be particularly empowering for marginalized communities whose stories may have been historically silenced or marginalized. Next, the preservation of Caribbean history through art can have positive economic effects. Cultural tourism is a significant industry in the Caribbean, and art that reflects the region's history can attract visitors interested in learning about the local culture. This, in turn, can generate income and opportunities for artists, artisans, and other individuals involved in the creative industries. Lastly, art can also contribute to healing and reconciliation processes within communities. By addressing historical traumas through their artwork, artists provide a platform for reflection, dialogue, and understanding. This can aid in the healing of collective wounds and contribute to building a more inclusive and harmonious society.
Overall, artists using their art to preserve Caribbean history have a profound impact on cultural preservation, education, identity formation, economic development, and community healing. Their contributions play an essential role in safeguarding the region's heritage and ensuring that the stories and experiences of the past continue to resonate with present and future generations.]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Conclusion]]]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Storytelling]]
(text-colour:black)[Stories matter. They determine our identity as a people and give us a sense of belonging. We all have tales. People all across the world share their tales about everything and everything. Storytelling is an integral aspect of the human
experience. Stories are told to entertain and connect with one another, to
teach others vital lessons, and to document history.
Afro-Caribbean storytelling is an art form rooted in West African folklore that has been handed down from generation to generation. Enslaved Africans used the oral tradition of storytelling to connect with their ancestors, reflect on the past, chronicle their experiences, and share time-honoured tales and fables. This has also been described in books as short stories. Every Caribbean country is distinct and has its own manner of telling stories. Despite its long history of storytelling, the region has frequently been misunderstood and misrepresented in the media. It is critical to see Caribbean people and culture reflected in television and movies, but how we are portrayed is equally vital.]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Myths and Legends]]
[[Storytellers]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]##(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Conclusion]]
(text-colour:black)[In conclusion, our exploration of art forms in the Caribbean and the preservation of cultural heritage through artistic expressions has unveiled the profound impact of these creative endeavors. We have seen how artists in Dominica preserve their cultural heritage through the ancient craft of canoe building, using their skills to ensure that this traditional method continues to be passed down through generations. The vibrant paintings adorning these canoes serve as a visual representation of Dominica's natural beauty, history, and way of life, reinforcing a sense of pride and connection to their cultural roots.
Similarly, in Trinidad and Tobago, the captivating sounds of steel pans and the tradition of storytelling have become emblematic of the nation's identity. By preserving and promoting these art forms, Trinidad and Tobago safeguards the narratives and experiences of its people, ensuring that the stories of the past are not forgotten. The resounding melodies of the steel pans invite both locals and visitors alike to experience the soul-stirring rhythms that reflect the resilience and ingenuity of Caribbean culture. Meanwhile, the oral tradition of storytelling conveys the wisdom, values, and lessons that have been passed down from one generation to the next, fostering a deep appreciation for history and a strong sense of community.
Throughout my project, we have witnessed how art serves as a powerful tool in the preservation of Caribbean cultural heritage. It educates, raises awareness, documents, and archives the narratives of the past. Art fosters a sense of identity and belonging, while also contributing to the economic growth of the region. It heals, reconciles, and promotes social harmony by providing platforms for reflection, dialogue, and understanding.
As we conclude our journey, let us remember the artists of the Caribbean, who in their various art forms, dedicate themselves to preserving and perpetuating the unique stories, traditions, and identity of the region. Let us celebrate their invaluable contributions and recognize the transformative power of art to ignite curiosity, foster connection, and inspire a profound sense of pride and belonging.
May this project serve as a reminder of the importance of preserving and promoting cultural heritage through art, not only in the Caribbean but in all corners of the world. By embracing and supporting the arts, we can ensure that the invaluable legacies of our past continue to shape and inspire the future.
Special thank you to everyone who viewed this presentation. It is my hope that you enjoyed and learned something new.
]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Bibliography]]]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]] ]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Myths & Legends]]
1. Douen
(text-colour:black)[Douen is the ghost of a child who died without being baptized and was condemned to wander the earth. It has no face, a loincloth, a straw hat, and its feet are turned inside. It also plays a wooden flute.
<img
src= https://triniinxisle.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/doen.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
It frequents locations with watercourses and plenty of trees, like rivers, streams, and springs, where it feeds on raw fish. It hides close to schools and waits for the calling of children's names.
It follows the youngster home if it is unsuccessful in luring them into the woodland with the flute. It is suggested that kids do something disgusting, like eat while using the restroom, to frighten away the Douen.]
2. Lugarhoo
(text-colour:black)[The ghost of a man named Lugarhoo is said to prowl the streets between the hours of 12 and 3 in the morning. The lugarhoo drags a coffin along the road when he moves, carrying it on its shoulder with a long chain.
<img
src= https://pm1.aminoapps.com/6577/e8f4cf7c40b122a10f89511c5f609c2a8405a115_hq.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
According to legend, the lugarhoo rapes women while they are sleeping in bed with other women. For many years, this tale has offered a justification for sleep paralysis.
Men who stay out late at night are called "lugarhoo," and people who appear exhausted during the day are questioned about whether or not they "dragged chain all night."]
3. La Diablesse
(text-colour:black)[La Diablesse is a female ghost who preys on errant males. She has one cow hoof in place of a human foot and is lovely. She also has a long, white skirt on.
<img
src= https://chloemaraj68104874.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/lagabless.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
She shows up late at night to males who have been drinking or gambling and are alone on the street. She pursues them and tempts them to engage in sexual activity in a neighbouring graveyard.
Some of the guys who were abducted and allegedly killed by her have managed to escape so they can share their stories.
A "la diablesse" is a term used to describe women who steal lovers or husbands from other women in rural areas.]
4. Soucouyant
(text-colour:black)[Soucouyant is a vengeful old woman who is typically thought to reside in a neighbourhood. She leaves a blue or black mark on the leg of those who don't consume a lot of salt after sucking their blood.
<img
src= https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-demonic-paradise/images/1/17/Image-1-3.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
She leaves her skin at night and emerges to look for victims to suckle. She transforms into a ball of fire and goes home wearing her skin.
While the soucouyant is out flying, someone can visit her house and salt her skin. She is unable to cover her skin when she gets back and is left in the open. According to legend, the skinless body of the soucouyant was placed in a drum and sealed with tar by the locals.]
5. Papa Bois
(text-colour:black)[The protector of the forest, Papa Bois, has the appearance of an elderly man with a beard made of leaves, and horns on his head, a powerful torso, and a deer-like body from the waist down.
<img
src= https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/71b8d0b1-d884-42d7-9e14-12b40ae08a1e/dd2w48r-2c2f04e6-c652-4a65-a420-6a2c5b61fb8a.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzcxYjhkMGIxLWQ4ODQtNDJkNy05ZTE0LTEyYjQwYWUwOGExZVwvZGQydzQ4ci0yYzJmMDRlNi1jNjUyLTRhNjUtYTQyMC02YTJjNWI2MWZiOGEuanBnIn1dXSwiYXVkIjpbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.Ve9iwnod4XXhM5XaSQ5zG8JFVBvwl1w3yiqSzsa4Ejs width="400px" height="300px" >
He often changes into a manicou, which hunters pursue deep into the forest. The manicou is a common catch when hunting for wild meat in T&T.
He also changes into a guy with cloven hooves and talks to the hunters to divert their attention. The legend of Papa Bois typically explains why hunters return home empty-handed or the cause of hunting mishaps.
]
(align:"=><=")[''Subtopics'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Storytellers]] ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Storytellers of Trinidad and Tobago]]
1. Paul Keens-Douglas
(text-colour:black)[Paul Keens-Douglas, often known as Mr.Tim Tim in the theatrical industry, is one of the most eloquent and well-known raconteurs and social commentators in the English-speaking Caribbean.
<img
src= https://i0.wp.com/www.culture.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/MBM-2015_Paul-Keens-Douglas.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
Over the years, he has established himself as a leading proponent of oral
traditions, with his yearly Tim Tim Show and Carnival Talk Tent serving as
signature events. Tanti at de Oval, Vibert, Timultaneous, Sugar George,
Tingalae, Bobots, Dr. Ah-Ah, and many other characters he developed have
become indelible parts of the Caribbean literary scene. His well-known piece
Tanti at the Oval was just included in the MCC collection of cricket verse A
Quiet Hush.
His work is notable for its broad appeal, which encompasses every
demographic while remaining healthy and family-oriented. Furthermore, the
way he communicates his content allows him to be easily comprehended by
foreign populations in both the economic and aesthetic arenas.]
2. Eintou Pearl Springer
(text-colour:black)[Eintou Pearl Springer is a Trinidad and Tobago (TT) poet, author, storyteller, award-winning actress, and activist. She is the Creative Force of Idakeda and
the creator of the 'Kambule Theatre of Resistance,' which uses theatre to
confront the social concerns of disadvantaged young people. The University of
the Turks and Caicos awarded her an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts in 2018.
For more than three decades, Eintou has been a traditional storyteller. She has
entertained audiences throughout the United States, the United Kingdom, the
English and French-speaking Caribbean, and Africa.
<img
src= https://i1.wp.com/www.culture.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/4J6A7178-533x800.jpg?fit=533%2C800 width="400px" height="300px" >
She has led storytelling workshops for teachers and educators all over the world and is a maker of original stories in her native country's folk heritage.
From 'Harmony in Diversity' to 'Kambule,' 'Sesa Woruban,' and 'Baby Doll
Meets Midnight Robber,' all of her plays contain true historical information,
ensuring that her plays are not only educational in nature, but also reveal
aspects of Trinidad and Tobago's indigenous culture that are relatively
unexplored.]
3. Gerard Besson
(text-colour:black)[Gerard Besson is a Trinidadian author, historian, and the founder of PariaPublishing. The National Trust of Trinidad and Tobago presented him with the
Hummingbird Gold Medal for Heritage Preservation and Promotion, as well as
the Lifetime Achievement Award for Heritage Preservation. He is the author of
several books on Trinidadian history and culture.
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<img
src= https://newsday.co.tt/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/23192978-683x1024.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
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<img
src= https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/A1H1EdSbJaL._AC_UF894,1000_QL80_.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
|==|
His book "Folklore & Legends of Trinidad and Tobago" is an absolutely
authentic folklore book, presented in the classic "raconteur" style of the French
Antillean culture. It features exquisite paintings by Trinidadian painters such as
Peter Shim and Stuart Hahn, both of whom went on to become quite famous in
their own right, as well as Alfred Codallo, a prominent illustrator from the
1950s. This lovely, whimsical book provides both background explanations and
illustrations of the various folklore characters that populate Trinidad's lore:
Papa Bois, the forest keeper; the Soucouyant, a vampire-like character; La
Diablesse, the spirit of the wronged woman; the Ligahoo, or shape changer;
and many, many more. These explanations are mixed with stories, poetry, and
even snippets from other publications, such as "Ti Jean" by Nobel Laureate
Derek Walcott, who generously contributed to this book.]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[The Idea]]
(align:"=><=")[''How did you come up with this project?'']
(text-colour:black)[When choosing my topic for my project I pondered upon the key word history, specifically Caribbean history. I began combing through articles about Caribbean history and how it is being preserved. Many of the articles spoke about using art to preserve the Caribbean's history. So the idea came to me that I should base my topic on how Caribbean history is preserved through art. After this I decided to specify the countries that I would focus on. The islands I chose are Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago . Dominica was chosen because it is my home island and I wanted a chance to highlight some of the art and how the artists are using them to preserve Caribbean history. The reason I chose Trinidad is because throughout my research alot of information kept showing up on the art in Trinidad and I knew that the arts are very important in these islands so I was interested to see how they would preserve caribbean history.]
(align:"=><=")[<img src=https://o.remove.bg/downloads/d32b5eaa-2cee-4940-a88e-474cd7fed401/pngtree-cartoon-light-bulb-image_2296634-removebg-preview.png width="400px" height="300px">]
''What tools did you use to implement the project?''
(text-colour:black)[
* Google Docs
* Zotero
* Twine
* Worldcat]
''What are some research questions you are asking yourself during this project?''
(text-colour:black)[1. What are the main art forms in each of the islands that are used to represent and preserve Caribbean history?
2. How do the artsists in these islands use their cultural heritage as inspiration to create art that reflects the history of the region?
3. How does the creation of art in Dominica and Trinidad and Tobago help to preserve Caribbean History?
4. Are there any impacts from the artists using their art to help to preserve Caribbean history? ]
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]
###(align:"=><=")[(text-style:"bold","italic","underline","superscript")[Paintings]]
(align:"=><=")[<img src= https://exceptionalcaribbean.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/earle-ettiene-art-leve4.png width="400px" height="300px">]
(text-colour:black)[This painting from Earl Etienne was made using a mix of oil paints and the method flambeau. Depicted in this painting are the three ships from the journey of Christopher Columbus to the Caribbean in 1492. The ships are shown as monsters and sharks journeying to the 'New World' to corrupt the indegenous people's innocence.
Many of Earl Etienne's work told stories based on the paintings themselves and what they were created with. Here are a few examples from one of his art exhibits]
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<img
src= https://dominicanewsonline.com/news/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/ART-300x178.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
<img
src= http://media-stage.shakfu.com/thesundominica.com/photos/cache/DSC_2225_copy.jpg.750x464_q85_crop-smart_upscale.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
<img
src= http://media-stage.shakfu.com/thesundominica.com/photos/cache/DSC_2218_copy.jpg.750x464_q85_crop-smart_upscale.jpg width="400px" height="300px" >
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<img
src=https://buydominicaonline.com/cdn/shop/products/BeleSeriesC_370x_dd25157e-6706-4a7e-afb3-628509790fbe.jpg?v=1635907579 width="400px" height="300px" >
<img
src= https://buydominicaonline.com/cdn/shop/products/Lisette_Series_J_740x.jpg?v=1635908950 width="400px" height="300px" >
<img
src= https://buydominicaonline.com/cdn/shop/products/Lisette_Series_B_740x.jpg?v=1635908767 width="400px" height="300px" >
|==|
(align:"=><=")[''Table of Contents'']
(text-colour:black)[[[Introduction]]
[[The Commonwealth of Dominica]]
[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Analysis]]
[[Conclusion]]]