<h2><center>The Transformation of Dominican People way of Living and Environment since the Abolition of Slavery.
</center></h2>
<center>
<img src=https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/07/01/37/dominica-662688_1280.png width="500px" height="600px">
</center>
<h3>
Dominica, often referred to as the "Nature Isle of the Caribbean," stands as a nation that has traversed numerous peaks and valleys after the abolition of Slavery.
This project delves into the Dominican citizens'
</h3>
<h4>
=|=
<center>
[[Social]] life, tracing the ever-evolving patterns of our interactions with each other.
</center>
<img src="https://bernardlauw.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/leasure-time-in-dominica-by-a-brunias.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">
=|=
<center>
[[Environment]] , where nature's forces and human endeavors entwine.
</center>
<img src="https://www.caribbeanmemoryproject.com/uploads/3/9/6/8/39688192/4969116_orig.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">
|==|
<center>
Furthermore, it sheds light on the transformations within the nation's [[Economy]] .
<img src="https://c8.alamy.com/zooms/9/9af7117231354b46958b6edebd734d6c/d5gx3a.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">
</center>
</h4>
<h1>Dominica's Society</h1>
<center>
<img src=https://i.pinimg.com/736x/d1/c1/93/d1c19342aa9b36ea8e3a02625dc7b22e.jpg>
</center>
Dominican [[Society]] has undoubtedly undergone a substantial transformation over the years, yet many deeply ingrained societal norms and behaviors continue to endure.
One of the most persistent traits is the spirit of [[Resistance]].
[[Carnival]], for instance, holds profound significance within the fabric of society, providing an avenue for citizens to unleash their creative potential and find solace from life's pressures. Even the resilient
[[Kalinago]] people, who weathered significant changes in the aftermath of slavery's abolition, were not exempt from the profound societal shifts that reverberated through their community.<h1>Dominica's Economy</h1>
=|=
<img src=https://borgenproject.org/wp-content/uploads/Why_Dominica_Is_Poor-530x398.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
=|=
<img src=https://www.gli-corp.ca/images/dominicafruit.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
|==|
After the abolition of slavery in the Commonwealth of Dominica, the island's economy underwent significant changes. The end of slavery led to a shift away from the sugar and cotton plantations that had dominated [[Dominica's Economy]]. This transition was partly due to the fact that many former slaves chose not to work on the plantations and instead pursued small-scale farming or other livelihoods.
One of the key economic developments during this period was the emergence of banana cultivation as a major industry. Bananas became a staple export crop, and Dominica gained a reputation for its high-quality produce. The banana trade contributed significantly to the island's economy and played a pivotal role in the livelihoods of many Dominicans.
<h3> A Timeline showing the changes in Dominica's [[Social]] Structure since the Abolition of Slavery </h3>
<iframe src='https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=12TzIJkp7LMsKc6a-Un_9AaoFlawjvkacBrE343jmSt4&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650' width='100%' height='650' webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen frameborder='0'></iframe><h1>Dominica's Environment</h1>
<center>
<img src=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Dominican_Interior_87.jpg/220px-Dominican_Interior_87.jpg width="500px" height="600px">
</center>
After the abolition of slavery in the Commonwealth of Dominica, the [[Environmental]] landscape of the island underwent significant changes. Many former slaves became small-scale subsistence farmers, cultivating their own plots of land for sustenance. The decline of sugar and other cash crops led to the abandonment of many plantations, allowing nature to reclaim the land.
The transition to subsistence farming and the reduction of large-scale monoculture plantations had both positive and negative impacts on the environment. On the one hand, the diversity of crops grown by smallholders contributed to a more sustainable and resilient agricultural system. However, the slash-and-burn agriculture practices employed by some small farmers, in addition to deforestation, resulted in soil erosion and reduced forest cover in some areas.
<h3> A Timeline showing the changes in Dominica's [[Economy]] since the Abolition of Slavery </h3>
<iframe src='https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1SHNA5tma7XzSJ4Dzayl-8-B2OtrXlVZhhZneJFSKFUg&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650' width='100%' height='650' webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen frameborder='0'></iframe>
[[Economy]] <h3> A Timeline showing the changes in Dominica's [[Environment]] changes since the Abolition of Slavery </h3>
<iframe src='https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=1pPUkIhwg3OdnXbscqtmRiwcvi56rFYurv5T_jelWOYI&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=650' width='100%' height='650' webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen frameborder='0'></iframe>
[[Environment]] <h1> Carnival</h1>
<h3><i> Our Escape<i></h3>
=|=
<img src=https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210122044011-738317f45209637671ec4ef0b34f2041/v1/2865f2b22b9dd23b18f1811dad2268c2.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
<img src=https://dominicafestivals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/aboutmasdomnik.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
<img src=https://www.dominica-weekly.com/wp-content/uploads//2010/01/carnival-costumes.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
<img src=https://www.image-area.com/dominicafestivals/assets/img/gallery/realmas/1N6A9461.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
=|=
<h4>Original Carnival</h4>
After emancipation, freed individuals took the festival to the streets, with laborers, porters, fishermen, and domestics in Roseau and Portsmouth actively participating in the festivities. The festival featured battles, such as stick fights, reminiscent of the Kalinda tradition in Haiti and early Trinidad. Street bands, featuring darkies and red ochre men, were influenced by strong African traditions, and many costumes were reminiscent of Central African tribal festivals. The streets were filled with sensay outfits, rope sensay, pai fig, and paper sensay worn by the notorious bande mauvais.
As the 20th century progressed, the festival evolved with various costumes, including black-dress-and-corset, tourists, boum-baylay, and imported wire masks. Members of the creole elite used Masquerade as a chance to escape their respectable roles. It became an official holiday, and donations were given to the la peau cabrit bands by society groups.
In the 1950s, the influence of Trinidad's "respectable" Carnival changed Dominica's Masquerade, with the advent of steel bands and Trinidad-style calypsonians. Expensive costumes and neatly dressed revelers replaced the satire and sarcasm of the traditional celebration.
<h3>Kalinagoe Territory</h3>
<center>
<img src=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Agostino_Brunias_Carib_Painting.jpg/220px-Agostino_Brunias_Carib_Painting.jpg width="600px" height="400px">
</center>
In the 18th century, Dominica allocated a mere 232 acres of rugged terrain to the Caribs when the island was surveyed and divided. In 1902, Hesketh Bell took it upon himself to champion the Caribs' cause. He ardently advocated for the allocation of a substantial 3,700-acre reserve to the Caribs, though he couldn't locate any original title deeds for the initial 232 acres.
Bell's passion led to the evolution and structuring of the Carib 'reserve' as it stands today. He also suggested formal recognition of a Carib 'chief' and a modest annual allowance of £6. The chief was ceremoniously adorned with a silver-headed staff and an ornate sash embroidered with the grandiose title, "The Chief of the Caribs." These symbols of goodwill held immense significance for the contemplative and isolated community, descendants of the island's valiant warriors.
=|=
<img src=https://cdn.discoverdominica.com/1200x630/production/20210205100757-kalinago-dance.jpeg width="400px" height="300px">
=|=
<img src=https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/sites.udel.edu/dist/4/417/files/2016/02/Kalinago-statues-Amber-Perlmutter-16W-Dominica-GEOG-sm-2ffhpxo.jpg width="400px" height="300px">
|==|
But the peace was disrupted in 1930, when, on the morning of September 19, a squad of five armed policemen, led by a Corporal, entered the Carib reserve. Their mission was to search for contraband and apprehend suspects. When they attempted to seize rum and tobacco and detain individuals, a chaotic struggle erupted. The exchange of stones and bottles with the police escalated to a point where the officers opened fire into the crowd, wounding four Caribs, two of whom succumbed to their injuries later
With no consultation with the Executive Council, the Administrator urgently summoned the Royal Navy frigate, HMS Delhi, cruising in the Caribbean. The warship promptly appeared off the Carib quarter, casting star-shells into the night sky and illuminating the area with searchlights. Bewildered by these unfamiliar signals, the Caribs fled their homes, seeking refuge in the dense woods. Marines were deployed to assist the local police in their quest to apprehend the instigators of the disturbance.
[[Social]]
<center><b><h1>Resistance</h1></b>
_________________________________________
<h4>1840
PTSD
</h4>
</center>
Six years after full emancipation, the Legislature passed an Act to authorize the taking of a census. The peasants were already in a state of irritation owing to the unsettled question of squatters and added to this, certain persons spread the false rumor that the object of the census was the collection of names to re-establish slavery.On 3 June 1844, enumerators preparing to take the census in several country districts found that houses had been abandoned and the people had armed themselves with sticks and cutlasses. They were assembled in large crowds threatening death to anyone who tried to take their names.
<center>
_________________________________________
<h4>
1856
Batalie Estate
</h4>
</center>
The owners of Batalie estate located on the leeward coast tried to evict squatters four times but was unsuccessful 3/4.
On the 21st of January the crown surveyor and three policemen went to Batalie and try to remove these squatters but were soon forced to return back to their post.
22nd January the lieutenant-Governor arrived in Batalie accompanied by a stipendiary magistrate, eight armed policemen and four sailors. They believed that a display of force would deter the crow
The Governor sought assistance from Antigua, and detachments from the 2nd West India and 67th Regiments were dispatched to Dominica. Warrants were issued for the rioters, but logistical issues delayed the Provost Marshal in reaching Batalie. When he finally arrived, only three women were arrested.
It was eventually decided that a forceful resolution was necessary, leading to the Lieutenant-Governor's return to Batalie with a larger contingent, compelling the squatters to come to terms regarding rental and ownership of the land.
<center>
_________________________________________
<h4>
1886
No Land Tax
</h4>
</center>
Governor, Viscount Gormanston made plans to include land tax all over the country at the time only Roseau, outlying villages and the Queen's chains had property tax. Citizens were not pleased with this, over 1000 people marched down to the Government house. They damaged plants and shouted slogans expressing there dissatisfaction with the Land tax.
The Governor came out and agreed to speak with a delegation of five on condition that the protestors left the premises.
These five people expressed:
1. Disapproval of new tax measures and the method in which they had been passed
2. Support in the elective's decision to walk out
3. They also r protested about such a tax at a period of "financial and industrial distress’.
In the late 1900s most Dominican communities were self sufficient and they depended on each other
<center>
_________________________________________
<h4>
1893
La Plaine Uprising
</h4>
</center>
La Plaine was one of the poorest districts on island. The people lived a life without money and they created a community system of work. They relied heavily on each other, all food came from the land and neighbors and friends would build a house for similar assistance. Money was only earned by the sale of arrow root and cassava farine. However this was not an easy task.
In 1893, a tax dispute over a property led to a confrontation between residents and authorities. A bailiff and a police inspector from Roseau were forced to seek refuge from an angry mob, and the situation escalated when Governor Haynes-Smith arrived with naval support. After a violent clash, four people were killed, and the incident sent shockwaves through the island, prompting calls for an inquiry into the use of force and raising broader questions about governance, taxation, and political unrest on the island.
[[Social]]